Exploring How SLAM Technology Revolutionizes Digital Reconstruction of Ancient Buildings

Advancements in technology have made digital reconstruction a crucial method for cultural heritage preservation, particularly for ancient buildings. Traditional scanning techniques, such as photogrammetry and laser scanning, often encounter challenges like high costs and lengthy data processing times. Additionally, implementing these methods in remote or fragile locations can be difficult. SLAM technology offers a more efficient and precise approach to the reconstruction of ancient buildings.

SLAM Technology

SLAM, which stands for Simultaneous Localization and Mapping, is a technology used for real-time mapping and self-localization in unknown environments through sensors. Initially utilized in robotic navigation and autonomous driving, SLAM technology has expanded its applications across various fields as algorithms and computational capabilities have improved.

SLAM technology maps the environment while continuously tracking the device’s position. This process uses sensors such as LiDAR and IMUs to swiftly gather data and perform real-time computations, enabling high-precision environmental modeling and accurate localization. It has become the ideal solution for documenting complex and expansive ancient buildings.

Project Background

The former residence of Chen Cihong, a provincial key cultural relic protection unit, covers an area of 6.28 acres. It is a quintessential representation of Sino-Western architectural fusion, characterized by a unique style and significant historical value. To enhance the preservation and continuity of this cultural heritage, we plan to undertake a digital reconstruction of the residence using SLAM technology. This approach involves scanning and analyzing the residence’s details with SLAM technology, providing precise reference materials for restoration and conservation efforts, thereby safeguarding it against damage from time and environmental factors.

Application Plan

1. Equipment Selection: The project utilizes the SLAM100 (handheld 3D laser scanners). Before commencing the scanning process, verify that the SLAM100, rechargeable batteries, and memory cards are fully operational and calibrate the equipment according to the user manual.

2. Route Planning: Develop a scanning route based on the architectural structure. Conduct multi-angle scans for complex building sections to ensure comprehensive coverage of both the interior and exterior, guaranteeing data completeness and coherence.

3. Building Scanning: Using the SLAM100 for both static and dynamic scanning, the operator moves slowly along a predetermined route, maintaining equipment stability. Multiple scans and image captures are conducted to obtain high-density point cloud data and detailed imagery.

4. Data Verification: Monitor the completeness of scanning data in real-time through the equipment. Adjust the scanning path and strategies based on immediate feedback to address any missed areas, ensuring data integrity and accuracy.

5. Data Storage: Save the scanned data onto the device's storage card and export backups to other storage media, such as a computer or external hard drive.

3D Modeling and Results

where SLAM algorithms process the data. This involves removing noise and redundant data, aligning, and merging point cloud data acquired from various locations and angles to create a continuous three-dimensional model. Fine-tuning is then performed using texture mapping and detail repair techniques to add textures and details, generating a high-precision 3D digital model.

Compared to traditional methods of scanning ancient buildings, 3D models generated using SLAM technology provide a clearer illustration of structural details. Architectural elements under eaves, intricate carvings, and ancient bricks and tiles can all be comprehensively reconstructed.

Future Prospects

SLAM technology offers new possibilities for the digital reconstruction of ancient buildings. Its efficiency, convenience, and high precision provide more accurate data support for the restoration and preservation of ancient architecture. With continued optimization of SLAM algorithms and enhanced computing power, SLAM technology will be extensively applied in various other scenarios, expanding its range of application domains.

Video-SLAM application on Ancient Building Preservation